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The question below is from previous year CAT question from CAT 2020 exam comes from CAT Reading Comprehension: The word ‘anarchy’ comes from the Greek anarkhia meaning contrary . Find out by answering this question which tests an aspirant’s CAT VARC skills:
Q. 1: Which one of the following best expresses the similarity between American individualist anarchists and free-market liberals as well as the difference between the former and the latter?
Correct Answer B
Individualist anarchism, according to the last paragraph, involves “protecting our own
autonomy and associating with others for common advantages”. The last line of the passage states that these thinkers “differed from free-market liberals in their absolute mistrust of American
capitalism, and in their emphasis on mutualism.”In other words, while both individualist anarchists and free-market thinkers agreed on the importance of individual autonomy, individualist anarchists distrusted capitalism and put emphasis on mutualism while free-market thinkers did not.
All other options mention ideas like state intervention in markets, morally upright capitalism and altrusim which are not discussed in the passage.
Q. 2: The author makes all of the following arguments in the passage, EXCEPT:
Correct Answer B.
The passage makes no mention of the mainstream mistrust of collectivism.
In the last paragraph, the passage states that “there are, unsurprisingly, several traditions of individualist anarchism..”. So, option A is true.
Option C is true, based on paragraphs 3 and 4: “For anarchists the state itself is the enemy….because
every state keeps a watchful and sometimes punitive eye on its dissidents..”. Paragraph 3 talks about the “violence and terror” applied by centralised state power.
Option D is also true, based on paragraphs 2 and 3: French Revolution “had ended not only with a
reign of terror and the emergence of a newly rich ruling caste” and “workers and peasants, grasping the chance that arose to bring an end to centuries of exploitation and tyranny, were inevitably betrayed by the new class of politicians…”
Q. 3: According to the passage, what is the one idea that is common to all forms of anarchism?
Correct Answer D.
The passage clearly states that “for anarchists the state itself is the enemy and they have applied the same interpretation to the outcome of every revolution of the 19th and 20th centuries.”.
Note that option B is incorrect because it talks of the ‘primacy’ of the individual while anarchism puts emphasis on mutualism.\
Q. 4: The author believes that the new ruling class of politicians betrayed the principles of the French Revolution, but does not specify in what way. In the context of the passage, which statement below is the likeliest explanation of that betrayal?
Correct Answer A.
The passage discusses the French Revolution and goes on to state in paragraph 3 that “after every revolutionary uprising, usually won at a heavy cost for ordinary populations, the new rulers had no hesitation in applying violence and terror, a secret police, and a professional army to maintain their control.”So, option A is the correct choice.
Q. 5: Of the following sets of concepts, identify the set that is conceptually closest to the concerns of the passage.
Correct Answer D.
Only options A and D mention anarchism, which is the main idea of the passage. Option A does not mention ‘freedom’ and individual’, which are discussed in the last two paragraphs. So, D is the best choice.
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